Climate Linked Variations in Blue and Green Water Footprints of Major Vegetable Crops Cultivated in Eastern Gangetic Plains of India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2024613.1854Keywords:
blue water use, evapotranspiration, FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method, green water use, linear scaling method, virtual water contentAbstract
Increased climatic variability is impacting agriculture in different ways, including water demands and availability. Present study analyses the impact of changing future climatic conditions on Water Footprints (WF) of major vegetable crops (cabbage, tomato and potato) grown in Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP), covering the states of West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand, of India. A daily soil water balance model was developed to assess the blue and green water use of three major vegetable crops in EGP. The model was employed to assess the average blue and green water use at daily time step for periods pertaining to baseline (2008-2018), early (2030-31), mid (2050-51) and late (2080-81) 21st century, under different future climate scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5. The study also considered yield variations of these crops under future scenarios considering the monotonic trend models. It was observed that, under baseline scenario, the WF of cabbage, potato and tomato in the study area were 481.2, 2689.2 and 434.9 Mm3 yr-1, respectively. It was predicted that, across all the climate change scenarios and time scales, the green and blue WF of cabbage would increase by 2.75% to 6.88%, whereas in case of potato, the increase was in the range of 9.64% to 15.37%. Across all the climate scenarios and time scales, the variations in WF of tomato were projected to be comparatively lower (-3.95% to 1.37%). Looking at blue and green components, the green WF of cabbage production is likely to decrease in the range of 2.5% to 14.22% under different time scales and climate change scenarios. The green WFs of potato and tomato were projected to increase by 56.49% to 221.62% and 31.31% to 110.14%, respectively. The blue WF of cabbage would increase by 13.34% to 25.87%, while that of tomato was projected to decrease by 9.41% to 26.13%. The blue WF of potato was projected to vary in the range of -4.91% to 7.1% in future. The study clearly highlights increase in blue WF of vegetable crops underlining increased irrigation water demands under future climatic scenarios. This also calls for improving infrastructure to achieve efficient water use and better management of available water resources.
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