Extraction of Value-added Chemicals from Sawdust Bio-oil Through Liquid-liquid Extraction

K. Nithiya; P. Subramanian; K. Chandrakumar

doi:10.52151/jae2023601.1796

Authors

K. Nithiya Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003 Author
P. Subramanian Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai 625 104 Author
K. Chandrakumar Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003 Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2023601.1796

Keywords:

Bio-oil, biochemicals, biofuels, liquid-liquid extraction

Abstract

Bio-oil, a liquid product obtained from pyrolysis of solid biomass, can be used as a sustainable feedstock for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Sawdust was used as the feedstock for obtaining bio-oil in conical spouted bed reactor through fast pyrolysis. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used to separate the bio-oil into different chemical groups by their polarities to stabilize bio-oil and improve the quality. Similar oxygen-containing functional groups were present in water and solvent phase of the separated bio-oil. Chloroform, hexane, and petroleum ether were used for the extraction of chemicals from the sawdust bio-oil through liquid-liquid extraction. The solvent phase had high concentrations of organic compounds. With chloroform extraction solvent, 65.89%(w) of organics in water phase were extracted.

Author Biographies

K. Nithiya, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003

Senior Research Fellow
P. Subramanian, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai 625 104

Professor and Head,
K. Chandrakumar, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003

Associate Professor,

References

Alvarez J; Lopez G; Amutio M; Bilbao J; Olazar M. 2014. Bio-oil production from rice husk fast pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor. Fuel, 128, 162-169.

ASTM. 2000. Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. Standard D3174, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennysylvania, 5, 1-6.

ASTM. 2006. Standard Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels. Standard E871-82, D445-72, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.

ASTM. 2013. Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent. Standard D1744, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.

ASTM. 2017. Standard Test Method for Moisture Content in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. Standard D3173-11, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennysylvania, 1-4.

ASTM. 2018. Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter. Standard D4052, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.

ASTM. 2020. Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke. Standard D3175-20, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennysylvania, 1-14.

Banks S; Bridgwater A. 2016. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis for Improved Liquid Quality. Handbook of Biofuels Production, Woodhead publishing, UK, 391 - 429.

Durak H; Aysu T. 2015. Effect of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst on production of bio-oil and bio-char from avocado seeds. Res. Chem. Intermed., 41 (11), 8067- 8097.

Fardhyanti D S; Damayanti A; Imani N A C; Mulyaningtyas A; Setyawidianingsih N K; Andhini A L. 2020. Phenolic compound separation from bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of coffee shell at 700°C using liquid-liquid extraction. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1444 (1), 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1444/1/012002

Guizani C; Valin S; Billaud J; Peyrot M; Salvador S. 2017. Biomass fast pyrolysis in a drop tube reactor for bio-oil production: Experiments and modelling. Fuel, 207, 71-84.

Hu H S; Wu Y L; Yang M D. 2018. Fractionationof bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae by liquid-liquid extraction. Biomass Bioenergy, 108, 487-500.

Jain P C; Jain M. 2016. Engineering Chemistry. Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company, New Delhi, 58-59.

Kumar R; Strezov V. 2021. Thermochemical production of bio-oil: A review of downstream processing technologies for bio-oil upgrading, production of hydrogen and high value-added products. Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., 135, 110-152.

Lopez G; Alvarez J; Amutio M; Mkhize N; Danon B; Vander G P; Gorgens J; Bilbao J; Olazar M. 2017. Waste truck-tyre processing by flash pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor. Energy Convers. Manage., 142, 523-532.

Loy A C M; Gan D K W; Yusup S; Chin B L F; Lam M K; Shahbaz M; Unrean P; Acda M N; Rianawati E. 2018. Thermogravimetric kinetic modelling of in-situ catalytic pyrolytic conversion of rice husk to bioenergy using rice hull ash catalyst. Bioresour. Technol., 261, 213-222.

Luangkiattikhun P; Tangsathitkulchai C; Tangsathitkulchai M. 2008. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of oil-palm solid wastes. Bioresour. Technol., 99 (5), 986-997.

Mullen C A; Boateng A A; Goldberg N M; Lima I M; Laird D A; Hicks K B. 2010. Bio-oil and bio-char production from corn cobs and stover by fast pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy, 34 (1), 67-74.

Mondol M; Sani A; Usha K; Marzia S; Biswash P; Islam M. 2020. Exploring rice residue management practices focusing environmental pollution and soil health in six major rice growing upazilas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Progress. Agric., 31 (3), 178-189.

Montoya J; Valdes C; Chejne F; Gomez C; Blanco A; Marrugo G; Osorio J; Castillo E; Aristobulo J; Acero J. 2015. Bio-oil production from Colombian bagasse by fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed: An experimental study. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 112, 379-387.

Ozbay G. 2015. Catalytic pyrolysis of pine wood sawdust to produce bio-oil: Effect of temperature andcatalyst additives. J. Wood Chem. Technol., 35(4), 302-313.

Salehi E; Abedi J; Harding T. 2009. Bio-oil from sawdust: Pyrolysis of sawdust in a fixed bed system. Energy Fuels, 23 (7), 3767-3772.

Shadangi K P; Mohanty K. 2014. Comparison of yield and fuel properties of thermal and catalytic Mahua seed pyrolytic oil. Fuel, 117, 372-380.

Sluiter A; Hames B; Ruiz R; Scarlata C; Sluiter J; Templeton D; Crocker D. 2008. Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass. Lab. Anal. Proced., 1617 (1), 1-16.

SriBala G; Carstensen H; Van Geem K M; Marin G B. 2019. Measuring biomass fast pyrolysis kinetics: State of the art. Wiley Interdisciplinary Rev. Energy Environ., 8(2), e326.

Tripathi L; Mishra A; Dubey A K; Tripathi C; Baredar P. 2016. Renewable energy: An overview on its contribution in current energy scenario of India. Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., 60, 226-233.

Wei Y; Lei H; Wang L; Zhu L; Zhang X; Liu Y; Chen S; Ahring B. 2014. Liquid–liquid extraction of biomass pyrolysis bio-oil. Energy Fuels, 28 (2), 1207-1212.

Xie H; Yu Q; Qin Q; Zhang H; Fu X. 2013. Bio-oil production by fast pyrolysis from agriculture residue in Northeastern China. J. Renewable Sustain. Energy, 5 (1), 013103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4773827

Zadeh Z E; Abdulkhani A; Saha B. 2021. A comparative production and characterisation of fast pyrolysis bio-oil from populus and spruce woods. Energy, 214, 118930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. energy.2020.118930.