Evaluation of Movement of Wetting Front under Surface Point Source of Drip Irrigation in Vertisols

C. K. Saxena; Ramadhar Singh; S. K. Pyasi; Ajay Kumar Mekale

doi:10.52151/jae2018552.1655

Authors

C. K. Saxena Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, M.P.-462038 Author
Ramadhar Singh Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, M.P.-462038 Author
S. K. Pyasi Department of Soil Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482004 Author
Ajay Kumar Mekale Department of Soil Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482004 Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2018552.1655

Keywords:

Micro-irrigation, drip irrigation, wetting front, point source, emitter discharge

Abstract

The knowledge of wetted width, depth and maximum wetted width beneath the surface of soil is required in design and management of an efficient drip irrigation system, which can largely be controlled by emitter discharge and time of irrigation. Temporal movement of wetting in horizontal and vertical directions under surface point source was studied in acrylic tank at 0.5 l.h-1, 1.0 l.h-1, 2.0 l.h-1 and 4.0 l.h-1 emitter discharges in vertisols. However, a constant volume was applied in each run. Power equation based models were developed using results obtained for temporal changes in parameters of wetting geometry like the horizontal surface wetting width (Bs ), maximum wetting depth (d), maximum horizontal wetting width (B) at high value of correlation. The maximum wetted radius at the soil surface as well as beneath the soil surface increased with the increase in emitter discharge rate. The maximum wetting radius at soil surface was found to be 113 mm, 115 mm, 132 mm and 134 mm at discharge rate of 0.5 l.h-1, 1.0 l.h-1, 2.0 l.h-1 and 4.0 l.h-1, respectively. The maximum wetted depth did not increase with increase in emitter discharge rate. It covered distance of 133 mm, 119 mm, 119 mm and 119 mm with emitter discharge rates of 0.5 l.h-1, 1.0 l.h-1, 2.0 l.h-1 and 4.0 l.h-1, respectively.

Author Biographies

C. K. Saxena, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, M.P.-462038

Senior Scientist (SWCE),
Ramadhar Singh, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, M.P.-462038

Principal Scientist,
S. K. Pyasi, Department of Soil Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482004

Professor
Ajay Kumar Mekale, Department of Soil Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482004

ex-Post Graduate student

References

Angalekis A N; Rolston D E; Kadir T N; Scott V H. 1993. Soil-water distribution under trickle source. ASCE J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 119 (3), 484-500.

Bajpai Arpna; Saxena C K. 2017. Temporal variability of hydraulic performance in drip irrigated banana field. Res. Crops,18 (1), 66-71.

Ben-Asher J; Yano T; Shainberg I. 2003. Dripper discharge rates and the hydraulic properties of the soil. Irrig. Drain. Sys.,17, 325-339.

Brandt A; Bresler E; Diner N; Ben-Asher J; Heller J; Goldberg D. 1971. Infiltration from a trickle source. Math. Model. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 35, 675–682.

Coelho E F; Or D. 1997. Applicability of analytical solutions for flow from point sources to drip irrigation management. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 1331-1341.

Gautam Harendra Raj. 2016. Water availability crisis and ways to check the depletion. Yojana. http://www.yojana.gov.in/public-account_2016july2.asp. Accessed May 2018.

IASRI, 2018. Lesson 41 Drip Irrigation. Module 7: Pressurized Irrigation. e-Krishi Shiksha. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=2036. Accessed May 2018.

Jaiswal C S; Sharma H C; Lal C. 2001. Salt accumulation in soil due to waste water irrigation through drip irrigation. In: Singh H P; Kaushish S P; Kumar Ashwini; Murthy T S; Samual J C (Eds.) Micro irrigation. In: Proc. International conference on Micro and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems, held during February 8-10, 2000 at Jain Irrigation Hills, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India, Central Board of Irrigation and Power. New Delhi, 605-613.

Kishore Ravi; Gahlot V K; Saxena C K. 2016. Pressure compensated micro sprinklers: A Review. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., 5(1), 237-242.

MIDH. 2017. MI at a glance - Note on centrally sponsored scheme on micro irrigation under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India pp:13. http://midh.gov.in/AtGlance/MI-AT-A-Glance.pdf. Accessed May 2017.

Nehra V S; Singh Jaspal; Tyagi N K. 1991. Simulation of soil moisture distribution pattern under trickle source through analytical approach. Ind. J. Power Riv. Val. Dev., 41, 1216.

Pandey R S; Batra L; Qadar A; Saxena C K; Gupta S K; Joshi P K; Singh G B. 2010. Emitters and filters performance for sewage water reuse with drip irrigation. J. Soil Salinity Water Qual., 2, 91-94.

Provenzano G. 2007. Using HYDRUS-2D simulation model to evaluate wetted soil volume in subsurface drip irrigation systems. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 133(4), 342-349.

Rao K V Ramana; Gumasta Vivek; Saxena C K; Patel G P; Babu V Bhushan. 2018. Performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drip irrigation with peripheral insect proof net. Agric. Eng. Today, 42(1), 1-5.

Saxena C K; Gupta S K. 2006a. Effect of soil pH on the establishment of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) plants in an alkali environment. Ind. J. Agric. Sci.,76 (9), 547-549.

Saxena C K; Gupta S K. 2006b. Uniformity of water application under drip irrigation in litchi plantation and impact of pH on its growth in partially reclaimed alkali soil. J. Agric. Eng., 43(3), 1-9.

Saxena C K; Gupta S K; Purohit R C; Bhakar S R; Upadhyay B. 2013. Performance of okra under drip irrigation with saline water. J. Agric. Eng., 50 (4), 72-75.

Saxena C K; Gupta S K; Purohit R C; Bhakar S R. 2015. Salt water dynamics under point source of drip irrigation. Indian J. Agric. Res., 19 (2), 101-113.

Saxena C K; Bajpai Arpna; Nayak A K; Pyasi S K; Singh Ramadhar; Gupta S K. 2017. Hydraulic performance of litchi and banana under drip irrigation. In: Goyal M R; Panigrahi Balram; Panda S N. (Eds.), Micro irrigation Scheduling and Practices, under the Book Series, “Innovations and Challenges in Micro Irrigation- Volume 7”. Apple Academic Press, Inc. Waretown, NJ 08758 USA, 99-116.

Schwartzman M; Zur B. 1986. Emitter spacing and geometry of wetted soil volume. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 112, 242–253.

Singh R V; Chauhan H S; Tafera A. 2001. Wetting front advance for varying rates of discharge from a trickle source. In: Singh H P; Kaushish S P; Kumar Ashwini; Murthy T S; Samual J C (Eds.), Microirrigation. In: Proc. International conference on Micro and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems held during February 8-10, 2000 at Jain Irrigation Hills, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India, Central Board of Irrigation and Power. New Delhi, 125-128.

Sivanappan R K. 2016. Micro Irrigation Technology in India: A Success Story. In: Goyal M R; Chavan V K; Tripathi V K. (Eds.), Innovations in Micro Irrigation Technology, under the Book Series “Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation - Volume 10”, Apple Academic Press, Inc. Oakville, ON, Canada, 1-46.

Taghavi S A; Marino M A; Rolston D E. 1984. Infiltration from a trickle irrigation source. ASCE J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 110 (2), 331–341.

Waghaye A M; Saxena C K; Kumar Satyendra; Pathan A; Abhishek R. 2018. Multiple linear modelling of electrical conductivity at a subsurface drainage site in Haryana using EM technique. Int. J. Chem. Studies, 6(2), 1953-1960.

World Bank. 2018. Arable land (hectares per person). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC. Accessed May 2018.

Zur B. 1996. Wetted soil volume as a design objective in trickle irrigation. Irrig. Sci., 16, 101-105.