Moisture Dependent Physical Properties of Buckwheat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2016531.1597Keywords:
Buckwheat, physical properties, moisture contentAbstract
In order to design equipment for processing of buckwheat grain (Fagopyrumesculentum), some of the physical properties were determined as a function of moisture content, varying from 9.89% to 20.48% (d.b). Length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter and geometric mean diameter of buckwheat grains increased significantly (p≤0.01) from 5.29 to 6.02 mm, 3.69 to 4.16 mm, 3.34 to 3.71 mm, 4.11 to 4.63 mm and 4.02 to 4.52 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content. Sphericity had significant differences with moisture content of the grain, and ranged from 0.752 to 0.785. Thousand grain weight increased linearly from 24.26 g to 26.61 g. A linear significant increase of grain surface area from 51.04 mm2 to 64.57 mm2 was observed in the moisture range. Bulk density and true density decreased linearly (p≤0.01) from 669.10 kg.m-3 to 615.38 kg.m-3 and 1136.88 kg.m-3 to 1111.11 kg.m-3, respectively, whereas porosity increased significantly (p≤0.01) from 41.15 to 44.62 per cent. Angle of repose significantly increased from 25.45 to 28.78 degrees. At all moisture contents, the static and dynamic coefficient of friction were highest on mild steel surface and lowest on glass surface. The coefficient of internal friction increased linearly from 0.753 to 0.891.
Downloads
References
Amin M N; Hossain M A; Roy K C. 2004. Effects of moisture content on some physical properties of lentil grains. J. Food Eng., 65, 83–87.
Altuntas E; Ozgoz E; Taser O F. 2005. Some physical properties of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenumgraceum L.)grains. J. Food Eng., 71, 37-43.
Altuntas E; Yildiz M. 2007. Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of faba bean (ViciafabaL.) grains. J. Food Eng., 78, 174-183.
Aviara N A; Gwandzang M I; Haque M A. 1999. Physical properties of guna grains. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 73, 105–111.
Bal S; Mishra H N. 1988. Engineering properties of soybean. In: Proc. National Seminar on Soybean Processing and Utilization in India,22-23 November 1986, Bhopal,
India,146-165.
Baryeh E A. 2002. Physical properties of millet. J. Food Eng., 51, 39-46.
Brooker D B; Bakker-Arkema F W; Hall C W. 1992. Drying and Storage of Grains and Oil Grains. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, pp: 450.
Deshpande S D; Bal S; Ojha T P. 1993. Physical properties of soybean. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 56(2), 89-98.
Dutta M. 2004. Buckwheat Improvement in India: Current Status and Future Prospects. In: Proc. 9th International Symposium on Buckwheat, 18-22 August, Prague, 302-312.
Dutta S K; Nema V K; Bhardwaj R K. 1988. Physical properties of gram. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 39, 259-268.
Esref I; Halil U. 2007. Moisture-dependent physical properties of white speckled red kidney bean grains. J. Food Eng., 82, 209-216.
Garnayak D K; Pradhan R C; Naik S N; Bhatnagar N. 2008. Moisture-dependent physical properties of Jatropha grain (Jatropha curcasL.). Ind. Crops Prod., 27(1), 123-129.
FAO. 2013. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Website: http://faostat.fao.org/faostat.
Ismail Ozturk; Mazhar Kara; Sezai Ercisli; Faik Kantar. 2010. Physical and chemical grain properties of new registered common bean cv. ‘Kantar-05’. Sains Malaysiana, 39(5), 725–730.
Kachru R P; Gupta R K; Alam A. 1994. Physico-chemical Constituents and Engineering Properties of Food Crops. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur,.
Kaleemullah S. 1992. The effect of moisture content on the physical properties of groundnut kernels. Tropical Sci., 32, 129-136.
Kaleemullah S; Gunasekar J J. 2002. Moisture dependent physical properties of arecanut. Biosyst. Eng., 82(3), 331–338.
Lawton P J. 1980. Coefficient of friction between cereal grain and various silo wall materials. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 25, 75-86.
Manimehalai N; Viswanathan R. 2006. Physical properties of fuzzy cotton grains. Biosyst. Eng., 95(2), 207–217.
Mehta S P; Negi K S; Ojha. 2010. Native plant genetic resources and traditional foods of Uttarakhand Himalaya for sustainable food security and livelihood. Indian J. Natural Products Resour., 1(1), 89-96.
Mwithiga G; Sifuna M M. 2006. Effect of moisture content on the physical properties of three varieties of sorghum grains. J. Food Eng., 75, 480-486.
Mohsenin N N. 1986. Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Publishers, New York, pp: 891.
Nimkar P M; Chattopadhyay P K. 2001. Some physical properties of green gram. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 80(2), 183-189.
Nimkar P M; Mandwe D S; Dudhe R M. 2005. Physical properties of moth gram. Biosyst. Eng., 91, 183-189.
Ozarslan C. 2002. Physical properties of cotton grain. Biosyst. Eng., 83, 169–174.
Parde S R; Johal A; Jayas D S; White N D J. 2003. Physical properties of buckwheat cultivars. Can. Biosyst. Eng., 45, 3.19-3.22.
Pradhan R C; Naik S N; Bhatnagar N; Swain S K. 2008. Moisture-dependent physical properties of Karanja (Pongamiapinnata) kernel. Ind. Crops Prod., 28(2), 155-
Rana J C. 2004. Buckwheat genetic resources management in India. In: Proc. 9th International Symposium on Buckwheat, 18-22 August, Prague, 271-282.
Ratan P; Kothiyal P. 2011. Fagopyrumesculentum Moench (common buckwheat) edible plant of Himalayas: A Review. Asian J. Pharm. Life Sci., 1(4), 426 – 442.
Sahoo P K; Srivastava A P. 2002. Physical properties of okra grain. Biosyst. Eng., 83(4), 441-448.
Selvi K C; Pinar Y; YeOilolu E. 2006. Some physical properties of lingrain. Biosyst. Eng., 95(4), 607-612.
Sherif J T. 1996. Studies on the influence of extruder and processing parameters on the characteristics of cassava flour extrudates. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
Shinoj Subramanian; Viswanathan R. 2007. Bulk density and friction coefficients of selected minor millet grains and flours. J. Food Eng., 81, 118–126.
Singh K K; Goswami T K. 1996. Physical properties of cumin grain. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 64(2), 93-98.
Sologubik C A; Campanone L A; Pagano A M; Gely M C. 2013. Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of barley. Ind. Crops Prod., 43, 762-767.
Solomon W K; Zewdu A D. 2009. Moisture-dependent physical properties of niger (Guizotiaabyssinica Cass.) grain. Indus. Crops Prod., 29, 165-170.
Thompson S A; Ross I J. 1983. Compressibility and frictional coefficient of wheat. Trans. ASAE, 26, 1171–1176.
Vilche C; Gely M; Santalla E. 2003. Physical properties of quinoa grains. Biosyst. Eng., 86(1), 59-65.
Visvanathan R; Palanisamy P T; Gothandapani L; Sreenarayanan V V. 1996. Physical properties of neem nut. J. Agric. Eng. Res., 63, 19–26.
Yalcin I; Ozarslan C; Akbas T. 2007. Physical properties of pea (Pisumsativum) grain. J. Food Eng., 79(2), 731-735.
Zareiforoush H; Komarizadeh M H; Alizadeh M R. 2009. Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of paddy grains. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 1(3), 132-139.
