Energy Budgeting of Paddy-Pulse Cropping System in Bhadrak District of Odisha and Assessment of Emission from Paddy Straw Burning

Bhabani Shankar Dash; Sangram Keshari Swain; Debaraj Behera; Padma Lochan Pradhan; Pramod Kumar Sahoo; Markandeya Mahapatra

doi:10.52151/jae2021581.1747

Authors

Bhabani Shankar Dash School of Agriculture and Bio-Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India Author
Sangram Keshari Swain Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-756117, India Author
Debaraj Behera Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-756117 Author
Padma Lochan Pradhan Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-756117 Author
Pramod Kumar Sahoo Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Author
Markandeya Mahapatra Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2021581.1747

Keywords:

Energy auditing, paddy-pulse rotation, energy indicators, farm mechanisation, straw burning

Abstract

Energy auditing of an existing production system helps to assess its energy-use and energy efficiency. The average input energy of paddy-black gram (PB) cropping system (19,862.01 MJ.ha-1) was higher than paddy-green gram (PG) (18,972.34 MJ.ha-1) cropping system in Bhadrak, Odisha. Harvesting and transport operation required highest operational energy for PG (35.57%) and PB (41.20%) farms; while, threshing and winnowing consumed the second highest input energy with 21.34% and 22.71% for PG and PB farms, followed by land preparation with 21.87% and 20.10% respectively. Linear regression data of PG and PB systems showed significant effect (p<0.05) of predictors with R2 values of 87.70% and 82.20% for total output energy and grain energy, respectively; confirming a good fit among the data. The output energy of PB cropping system was 13.91% higher than that of PG cropping system. The PB cropping system, with energy utilisation efficiency (EUE) of 10.31 and 11.82, was more energy-efficient than PG system with EUE of 9.32 and 11.01 for “NC” and “C” farms, respectively. The net energy return of PBC farm was highest with 2,04,505.31 MJ.ha-1. Amongst various pollutants emitted from paddy straw burning in Odisha; CO2 (5,51,296.0 Mg.yr-1), CO (13,102.72 Mg.yr-1), and TPM (4,908.80 Mg.yr-1) had highest share. The quantity of major GHGs (N2O, CH4) released into the atmosphere through paddy straw burning was estimated as 26.43 Mg.yr-1 and 453.12 Mg.yr-1, respectively. Use of straw baler can prevent straw burning, and reduce emission from paddy fields by 2805.54 kg.ha-1 of CO2 and 66.69 kg.ha-1 of CO, 5.96 kg.ha-1 of NOx, 24.98 kg.ha-1 of TPM. Alternatively, use of mulcher can also reduce emission from paddy fields by 2924.44 kg.ha-1 of CO2 and 69.51 kg.ha-1 of CO, 6.21 kg.ha-1 of NOx, 26.04 kg.ha-1 of TPM. The cost of operation of a baler and mulcher were 8,617.0 ₹ ha-1 and 2,543.0 ₹ ha-1, respectively. Input energy and energy saved in paddy fields by baler were 820.0 MJ.ha-1 and 16,928.0 MJ.ha-1; and 266.0 MJ.ha-1 and 24,458.0 MJ.ha-1 by mulcher, respectively.

Author Biographies

Bhabani Shankar Dash, School of Agriculture and Bio-Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India

Assistant Professor
Sangram Keshari Swain, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-756117, India

Professor
Debaraj Behera, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-756117

Professor
Padma Lochan Pradhan, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-756117

Professor
Pramod Kumar Sahoo, Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

Principal Scientist
Markandeya Mahapatra, Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi,

Professor

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