Post-Harvest Management of Fruits in India: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2024612.1845Abstract
Fruits play a vital role in supplementing human diets with essential minerals, vitamins, and fiber. India, with diverse climatic conditions, stands as the world’s second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables. Despite its significant contributions, the per capita production (200 g capita-1 day-1) remains below recommended levels of 230 g capita-1 day-1. The country’s horticulture sector has witnessed substantial growth, with a 33% share in agriculture output. India’s fruit production has surged, reaching 102.48 million tonnes in 2020-21. The export of fruits, valued at INR 62.19 billion in 2022-23, is dominated by mangoes, walnuts, grapes, bananas, and pomegranates. While the country has become a major player in fruit exports, capturing only 1% of the global market, there is growing acceptance due to advancements in cold chain infrastructure and quality assurance measures. However, post-harvest losses persist, ranging from 6% to 15%, necessitating effective strategies for reduction of post-harvest losses and improving shelf-life. Key challenges, including fragmented supply chains and inadequate infrastructure, are discussed alongside emerging opportunities presented by e-retailing and online platforms. Strategies for enhancing post-harvest management, supply chain efficiency, and adherence to marketing standards are outlined, with a focus on leveraging technology for sustainable growth. The paper also explores the import and export dynamics, the role of fruits in the Indian economy, importance of packaging, marketing standards of fruits and maximum residue limits (MRLs) to ensure fruit quality, safety, and consumer trust. The need for improved post-harvest management, infrastructure development, and skill enhancement emerges as critical for sustaining India’s fruit sector growth
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